It is not only alchemists who need to know weights and measures common folk use them too, when speaking of distances, or purchasing some quantity of this or that. Here are some of the more well-used weights and measures of the Old World their descriptions remain fairly consistent in Moraithe, the isles of Masalla, the New World, and other lands of Masallan descent. Ive spoken to Kenton and Rebecca, who have helped me to include references to your common measurements.
The Kings Standard is the commonly recognized standard for all the listed measures here examples of the official weights and measures are kept in a vault in Masalla. However, the reality of the situation is that measuring devices which adhere exactly to the Kings Standard are difficult to find, and many measures are based off of their descriptions below, and thus differ from locale to locale.

Distance
Breadth Broken into halves and quarters for more accurate measures, the breadth is taken as the width of a mans thumb. It corresponds to approximately 2 and a half of your centimeters.
Arm Measured at ten breadths, an arm is about the distance from a mans inner elbow to his wrist.
Pace Measured at three arms, the pace is the distance of a short step paced out by a man, measured from toe to toe.
League At six thousand paces, a league is very roughly equivalent to three of your miles. They are sometimes divided into halves or quarters.
Time See the calendar for days, years, and moons. Otherwise, there is only one time measurement, as most timing is done by the position of the sun (ie. Meet me at midday.)
Hour Roughly equivalent to your hour, it can be broken into quarters or halves. Hours are measured by sandglasses, unavailable to most, so the hour is a highly subjective measurement which owes its origins to the alchemists, who used it for measuring the time they should allow processes to continue on.
Weights Grain An almost immeasurably light weight used primarily in alchemy, approximately the weight of a single grain of rice. Drop The weight of a single drop of water. Jill -- A weight equal to one twentieth of a stone. Weight A weight equal to one fourth of a stone. Stone The weight of a palm-sized stone about equal to one of your pounds. Block Equal to ten stone. Load Equal to a thousand stone.
Area
Round League A league by a league.
Volume
Thimble One hundredth of a cup.
Measure Twenty thimbles or one fifth of a cup.
Cup Equal to about one and a fourth of your cups.
Brinn Six cups.
Cask -- Twelve cups, or something approximating two gallons.
Barrel Six casks.
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